What is meant by "separation of powers"?

The concept of "separation of powers" refers to the organizational structure of government where responsibilities and powers are divided among distinct branches. This framework typically separates government into three branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Each branch has its own specific functions and powers, which helps to prevent any single entity from gaining too much control over the government.

This division is rooted in Enlightenment thought, particularly in the works of political philosophers like Montesquieu, who argued that separating governmental powers would safeguard individual liberties and promote a system of checks and balances. Each branch is designed to have some measure of influence over the other branches, ensuring a system of shared governance and accountability. This structure maintains a balance of power, protecting against tyranny and ensuring that the government serves the people effectively.