What is considered a "primary source" in the field of historical research?

In historical research, a primary source is defined as an original document or artifact that was created during the specific time period being studied. This can include items such as letters, diaries, photographs, government documents, interviews, and physical artifacts. The significance of primary sources lies in their direct connection to the historical event or era, providing firsthand accounts and insights that secondary sources, like textbooks or articles interpreting those events, may not convey with the same depth or authenticity.

Choosing an original document or artifact created during the time under study means engaging with materials that reflect the thoughts, perspectives, and realities of individuals who lived in that context. This direct evidence is invaluable for historians as it allows them to analyze events as they were experienced and understood by those who lived through them, giving depth and richness to their understanding of history.