What is a defining feature of the United States Census?

The defining feature of the United States Census is that it provides demographic data for representation. The census is conducted every ten years and aims to count every person living in the country. This count is crucial because the data collected directly influences the allocation of congressional seats and ensures proper representation in the House of Representatives. By collecting data on population size, age, race, and other characteristics, the census shapes political and electoral boundaries, impacting how resources and services are distributed across different regions. This role in determining representation and informing policy decisions emphasizes the census's significant impact on the democratic process in the United States.

Other choices, while related to data collection or governance, do not capture the primary purpose of the census, which is rooted in demographic assessment for representation.