What does the "age of exploration" refer to?

The term "age of exploration" specifically refers to the era during which European powers expanded their territories through overseas exploration and colonization, predominately from the late 15th century to the early 17th century. This period was marked by significant advancements in navigation, shipbuilding, and maritime techniques, enabling explorers to travel to distant lands and discover new trade routes, such as those to the Americas, Africa, and Asia.

During this time, notable figures such as Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan undertook ambitious voyages that resulted in the establishment of colonies and the exchange of goods, cultures, and ideas between the continents. This age was instrumental in shaping the modern world as it led to the establishment of trade networks and laid the foundations for global capitalism and the interconnectedness that characterizes today's economy and political landscape.

The choice of this answer reflects an important understanding of historical trends in European expansionism, cultural contact, and the impact of these explorations on both the Old and New Worlds.