What does "separation of powers" mean in the context of the U.S. government?

The concept of "separation of powers" is fundamental to the structure of the U.S. government, serving to prevent any one branch from gaining too much authority and ensuring a system of checks and balances. This principle divides governmental responsibilities among three distinct branches: the legislative, responsible for making laws; the executive, tasked with enforcing those laws; and the judicial, which interprets the laws. By clearly delineating the functions and powers of each branch, the system promotes a balance that protects against tyranny and upholds democratic principles. This division is rooted in the writings of political philosophers like Montesquieu, who argued that concentrating power in a single entity could lead to abuse. Therefore, the correct answer highlights this crucial division of responsibilities that is designed to foster accountability and prevent the overreach of power within any one branch of government.